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What's Tan-Delta test?

The Tan-Delta test is an off-line AC test, usually sinusoidal. The Tan Delta is the ratio of the real (resistive) current to the capacitive current. This ratio should be relatively constant despite test voltage making the Tan Delta value a pass/fail. The resistive current is typically much smaller than the capacitive current on a good insulation system. The Tan Delta value is usually limited on the low end to about 0.0001 due to the accuracy of the test equipment. The test is usually performed at several voltages below, at and above operating voltage. If the Tan Delta value increases as the voltage increases, this "tip up" is an indication of insulation degradation. The increase in resistive current at higher voltages is caused by partial discharge. I believe that the newer partial discharge testers provide better assessment of an insulation system. But, the Tan Delta test is still used by many.

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